Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Research Proposal Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Proposal Draft - Essay Example There are also few studies that indicate the way in which these youngsters can be motivated to adopt a positive lifestyle in terms of being physically active and eating the proper diet that will help them to avoid obesity. There exists a desperate need to identify a connection between the benefits that come with weight loss. There is also a need to make sure that people, especially the young people are not only aware of the health benefits of losing excess weight but that they are motivated to lose the excess weight through positive lifestyle and the proper eating habits. The significance of the current research study is to measure how a quantitative weight loss program will affect those who will be involved in the study. The study will involve 50 participants of ages between 8 and 18, from both the genders. All the participants have to have a body mass index of over the 95th percentile which is a clear indication that they are obese and overweight. The study will be done in a period of twelve weeks. The study will monitor food intake, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and cholesterol levels of the participants. Will there be increased positive health benefits such as, improved oxygen circulation, healthy blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and cholesterol levels, in the participants who will be children age 8 to 18 with a BMI above the 95th percentile? The hypothesis for this research is that there will be clear indication of the positive health outcomes that will be achieved by the 50 participants who will be involved in this controlled medical study for weight loss. Needles to say, age is an important factor when weight related health issues are being considered. The way an 8 year old child can be affected by overweight may not be the same way s an 18 year old will be affected. At the same time, the way an older patient may be able to stay in course in a controlled weight loss progress is not the same way a young

Monday, October 28, 2019

Impact of wireless communication devices and systems nowadays Essay Example for Free

Impact of wireless communication devices and systems nowadays Essay ABSTRACT Nowadays, wireless communication devices and systems have a huge impact on everyone. This project describes the performance of the 433MHz RF module for WSN applications. The system is built wirelessly where it can transmit and receive signals from DHT11 which is a temperature sensor and humidity. This 433MHz RF module is used to transmit and receive data from Arduino Pro, which is connected directly to the RF module and sensor modules. It also allows data packets to be moved remotely. There are other transmissions such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth and others but the 433MHz RF module creates more flexibility in dealing with such problems. Therefore, the 433MHz RF module is selected to achieve the goal of the project as the RF module can handle the problem. Additionally, the transferred data will also be sent and received without any loss of data in the barrier or in a line of sight. These projects should examine the distance and performance of the 433MHz RF module. ABSTRAK Pada masa kini, peranti dan sistem komunikasi tanpa wayar mempunyai impak yang sangat besar kepada semua orang. Projek ini menerangkan tentang prestasi modul RF 433MHz untuk aplikasi WSN. Sistem ini dibina secara wayarles dimana ianya boleh menghantar dan menerima isyarat dari DHT11 yang merupakan sensor suhu dan kelembapan. Modul RF 433MHz ini digunakan untuk menghantar dan menerima data dari Arduino Pro, yang disambungkan secara langsung dengan peranti modul RF dan sensor. Ia juga membenarkan paket data yang diperlukan untuk dipindahkan dengan jarak jauh. terdapat jugak penghantaran lain seperti Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth dan lain-lain lagi tetapi modul 433MHz RF mencipta lebih banyak fleksibiliti dalam menangani masalah seperti ini. Oleh sebab itu, 433MHz RF modul dipilih untuk mencapai matlamat projek ini kerana modul RF dapat menangani masalah tersebut. Selain itu, data yang telah dipindahkan juga akan dihantar dan diterima tanpa ada sebarang kehilangan data di dalam halangan mahu pun garis penglihatan. Projek-projek ini perlu mengkaji mengenai jarak dan prestasi modul RF 433MHz. DEDICATION To my beloved parents, thank you for the support, encouragement, and understanding from both of you, Mukhtar Bin Baharom and Rahmah Binti Yunus. This work is dedicated to them. Acknowledgment Thanks to Allah S.W.T for his blessing and mercy for giving me the strength to complete my task that given in Final Year Project. However, it is impossible for me to complete this project without help and support from anybody. So, I would like to thank you for all of them. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Mohd Khanapiah Bin Nor for guiding me to complete this project. He was giving me necessary information regarding the project and a lot of inspiring ideas. My appreciation also gives to my beloved parents, family members, and friends who have been behind me throughout this project for the encouragement and supported from them. I really appreciate all their help and support while I’m completing this project. Lastly, I would like to sincerely thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for providing the facilities and equipment for me to complete my project. In the previous era, the technology application mostly using wire but now a wireless device has become commonplace. The wireless sensor network can be defined as an application that having no wires connection on that devices. In addition, to make the system easy to monitor from a distant location, the RF 433MHz module was used. So, this project gives the idea for studying details about the RF 433MHz module performance for WSN application. 1.1 Project Background Nowadays, using the wireless sensor network (WSN) technology to monitor the environment helps someone to solve the problems of deployment difficulty, high cost, and realized unmanned monitoring which is mostly used in a factory, buildings, laboratory, and house. This project is to study the range and performance of the RF 433MHz module for WSN application. RF 433MHz module is popularly used in the remote control system. This range also available to use in this area. There are two types of the RF module which is transmitter and receiver. From research, using RF 433MHz module, the data can get more accurately without any data losses with the range that given than compared to another transmission for the wireless sensor network. The range that can reach by this RF module is different between outside and inside area. For inside area, it can work for 50 meters through multiple walls with an antenna, while for the outside area, it will be able for hundreds of meters. Besides that, a microcontroller such as Arduino also used in this project. Arduino that available for this project is Arduino PRO which is it has 3.3V port that will be easier to connect directly to the types of RF 433MHz module that used in this project. This project also will be studied the analysis of the data transmission by giving a few of distance between the transmitter and receiver of the RF 433MHz modules when located in the obstacles or line of sight area. Then, the data that are received will be displayed on the computer whether there are data losses or not. The problem that becoming as issues right now is there is a lot of ways to send data but the problem is about the range, cost, and data losses. So, for this situation, study the performance of RF 433MHz can overcome the problem for the WSN application. The objectives of this project are to understand the range and performance of RF 433MHz module. Moreover, exploration about the transmitting and receiving the data by using the RF 433MHz module. The main work scope of this project is to make sure this project will achieve the objectives. The main focus of this project:- i. To study and understanding the range of RF 433MHz module. ii. To transfer data by using RF 433MHz module. 1.5 Methodology In this project, there is three part that needs to follow. For the first part, it will be focused on the conducting the literature review and do some research more detail about the RF 433MHz module. Meanwhile, for the second part, after the software development process, the hardware development process will take over and include the testing of the project. Last part, when the hardware and software complete their part, it will be followed by testing the performance and the operation of the project to make an analysis. The methodology is the explanation of the procedures or steps when doing this project. The simulation, analysis, and evaluation of the project. A literature review is an important step before proceeding to the project. Collecting all the required information about the 433MHz RF module from the books, journals, and website. The literature review also can provide a useful information to complete the project. The idea for this project comes from the problem faced when the data that have been transmitted becomes losses with the range that provided. In this chapter, it will be explained more details about the project and also the components that will be used in this project. The frequency of 433MHz that used in the wireless sensor network can test the sending and receive the data for this range without any data losses. 433MHz RF modules required the 17cm of the antenna to support the range to send the data. The range is one of the most important parameters of any wireless system which is it defined how the transmitter and receiver can be apart from each other to send the data. A range of the outside with few obstacles the data can go through hundreds of meters. While for the indoor, the data can go over 50 meters through multiple walls. The external antenna will be soldering to the â€Å"ANT† on the transmitter to get more range which is 17cm of the length of the antenna that was used. Regarding the several research that I have done from a few of journals that can relate to my project. Wireless sensor networks are currently widely used in several of monitoring and control applications. Guohua Yang and Kui Zhang (2015) have conducted a project regarding the 433MHz radio for long-range communication. They present about the connectivity, range of the communication and packet loss ratio that have been performed in the indoor and outdoor environment. The Maarten Weyn and Glenn Ergeerts (2013) conducted the survey of the DASH7 Alliance Protocol for wireless sensor network (WSN). In this research, it stated that 433MHz is an unlicensed band. They said that, due to the frequency, it has a better propagation characteristic opposed to the higher frequency. The wavelength at the center of frequency is 69.14cm which is the bandwidth for the frequency is 1.84MHz. This limits the data rate of the communication at this frequency 433MHz is an ideal for low power of low data rate communication. Budi Setiyono, Sumardi, and Rafdito Harisuryo (2015) have conducted a project on measurement system of temperature, humidity and air pressure over 433MHz radio frequency for an application on a quadrotor. They using the telemetry system which is the measurement process of data at a certain distance. Then, they stated that data will be processed or analyzed by the receiving station. They stated on their result which is for successful transmission, the amount of data that received will be same as the amount of data that have been sent. This project is to improve the data transmission with 433MHz RF modules either in obstacles or line of sight condition. The 433MHz RF modules are categorized as the lower cost, lower power consumption and the most important is when the longer the distance for data that transmit remains accurate when it received by the receiver. In theoretical, the success of data transmission is the amount of data received will be same as the data that have been sent. That means there are no data losses when the transmission occurred. Radio Frequency (RF) is a rate in the range of around at 3 kHz to 300GHz which is corresponding to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating current that can carry the radio signals. ITU bandstand for International Telecommunication Union that defined for the electromagnetic frequencies that used for radar and radio. The best set of terms for frequencies used in communication. While the very lowest bands have no radar applications. The table below shows the frequency range and ITU band. The Arduino Pro is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. This microcontroller is an open-source hardware and software. The version that used in this project is 3.3V/8MHz. This version can be powered by a battery or external power supply. It has 14 digital inputs and output pins which is 6 of it can be used as PWM output, another 6 pins for the analog input, battery power jack, an ICSP header and reset button. Arduino Pro needs to connect with FTDI cable through six pins header to provide the USB power and have a communication with the board. Arduino Pro has the port for 3.3V that can supply the voltage for the transceiver. Each of the 14 digital pins on the Arduino Pro can be used as an input and output which is operated at 3.3V. Each of the pins can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA and has internal pull-up resistor (disconnect by default) of 20 until 50 kohm. The ATmega328 has 32KB and running 8MHz of the external resonator. It also has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM that can read and written with the EEPROM library. The operation of the Arduino microcontroller is based on the connection made on the pins. The application can be done by using the Arduino software where Arduino function can be edited according to the applications in this software. This software can work on by using the C or C++ language. The program that has been creating the need to upload to the microcontroller by using the USB cable. If there is an error detected on the program, it will be adjusted by editing to make a correction on the process and then the program needs to reload again. Other than that, there is another option which is using the reset button to delete all the previous program that have been upload before this to make it clear then built again. MHz RF Module version that has been used. It is because can operates in the unlicensed ISM (Industry Science and Medicine) radio band. It’s available for use in the inexpensive area for short-range wireless networks of sensors. This types can operate on the 433MHz frequency and can capable of transmitting at up to 100mW and up to 300kbps. When increasing the transmit power and reducing the data rate it can maximize the range of the 433MHz. DHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor. Its suitable for my project that only needs to read the data about the temperature and humidity only. Micro-B is the smallest USB connector type. This type also used for the android as a cable for charging while USB port A is that can connect to PC or laptop. This USB cable needs to connect the RF transceiver module with the Arduino Pro at the transmitter and receiver. Using this board because the standard FTDI board cannot supply the enough current to run the RFM69 433MHz RF Modules. The difference between standard FTDI and Beefy 3 FTDI is the current that can provide which is standard FTDI provide 50mA while Beefy 3 FTDI provides up to 500mA. This chapter will be discussed the procedures and steps that used in this project. Each of the methods that were used to achieve this project will be stated and explain briefly. The purpose of the methodology is used to achieve the objective that has been stated. 3.1 Software Design In this part, the software design is part to do the programming by using the Arduino software. The flow of the data transmission starting from the reading of the temperature and humidity by using the DHT11 sensor. Then, the data will be processed by a microcontroller. It will be sent through the transmission of data by using the 433MHz RF transmitter module. When the power supply is turned on, the 433MHz RF receiver module and the microcontroller ready to accept the data that have been transmitted. After that, the data is sent by the Arduino microcontroller via a serial port to the computer for displaying the data. Based on Figure 1 and Figure 2 it showed the flow how it works. Hardware design consists of two parts which are from here it will be explained how the flow of the project will be complete. For the first part as shown in Figure 3.3 is the data obtain from the DHT11 sensor reading, then the data will be transmitted by the 433MHz RF transmitter modules. While for the second part as shown in Figure 3.4 is the data received via 433MHz RF receiver modules then sent by the Arduino PRO that connected to a computer for display. The generated data for this project should be the same with the theoretical results. Besides that, the results of this project will be compared with the theoretical results, the journals or book that have been found.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Future of On-line Journalism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

The Future of On-line Journalism Interactivity is what most separates on line news from traditional news. Indexicality (using hypertext links) is an important aspect of on-line journalism because it frees up space and time for the reader. People can explore international news and easily access the latest stories before the papers get to print, all at the click of a mouse. Many studies have been done on how people use web services. One of the major characteristics of such use is searching through different hyperlinks. Hypertext enables people to see things through new dimensions. Online journalists have to be innovative in the way they create news. "Transparent journalism," allowing readers to participate in the writing, is one example of how journalists are adapting to the on line form. "Eye track" (equipment that monitors where people's eyes focus and for how long) studies have also been useful in studying how we use the web. These studies will help news organizations and rest of us in understanding twenty-first century communication. Analysis On-line journalism is a combination of the increasing digitalized technology and the use of the internet. Digitalized technology and the internet are the two leading factors in the evolution of print in terms of Gasher's views of interactivity (Gasher). On-line news sites are the peak at this point in technological evolution and are serving, as well as changing the functions of media because they combine these two factors. On-line journalism can be assessed through its evolution, its basic functions and its benefits. The evolution of print has shown general progression through expanse, detail, interactivity and expressiveness of communication. The first publications print... ... Mediascapes: New Patterns in Canadian Communication. Edited by Paul Attallah and Leslie Regan Shade. Scarborough, ON: Nelson, p. 259-261. The New York Times on the Web. (2002) Available on-line: last consulted: October 8th, 2002. Peter Jennings. (2002) "The Search for Peter Jennings", National Review Online. Available on-line:http://peterjennings.150m.com last consulted: October 8th, 2002. SCHOLL AND WEISCHENBERG, Armin and Siegfried. (1999) "Autonomy in Journalism: How it is Related to Attitudes and Behavior of Media Professionals", Web Journal of Mass Communication Research, September 4, 1999. Available on-line: last consulted October 8th, 2002. The Susan G Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. (2002) "Talk back". Available on-line: last consulted October 8th, 2002.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Mastering Audio

The History of â€Å"Mastering† Music, in most of its styles and forms that is targeting commercial distribution now undergoes a final process of transformation and quality verification known as Mastering. For those working within the audio industry, this process is an unavoidable step to pass through. The role of the mastering engineer is almost unknown and often unheard of.This status of the mastering process has over the ears gathered itself an almost mythical status in the industry. The art itself is quite often misunderstood and in certain cases considered unimportant. Through this essay I hope to explore further into the role of the mastering process and the position it has held over decades with changes in styles, technology and mediums of media distribution. â€Å"Mastering is the set of activities in the audio chain between the final production of the music on an intermediary format and its transfer to a distribution format. (Dominique Bassal, 2005) During the early days, the process of mastering was not a separate discipline that as followed by a different engineer. A recording engineer's profile would involve recording onto a disc cutting lather. Before the year 1925, the tools used to cut records was unsophisticated and worked in a fairly mechanical manner without the use of electricity. By the 1930's the advent of electricity in the audio industry like many other markets changed the way media was recorded, processed and finally distributed.The rise of the radio stations, microphones and the amplification of the stylus that was previously driven Just by a diaphragm into an acoustical horn has changed the way mastering works. The discs cut onto wax were used as stampers to press 78rpm discs using shellac-composite. This was the method of cutting/ producing records before the advent of tape. Mastering/cutting Engineer Post the second world war, the recording ot tape and micro groove LP were tlrst introduced. The introduction of tape recording changed the norm of master recordings almost always being cut direct to disc.This was the beginning of a separate engineer being in charge of using the session tapes to cut master discs. This person was not initially known as a mastering engineer but a â€Å"dubbing ngineer† or rather â€Å"transfer engineer†. â€Å"mastering was a black art practiced by technical curmudgeons who mysteriously made the transfer from the electronic medium of magnetic audio tape to the physical medium of vinyl. † – (Owsnski, 2007) This change brought about the industrial belief that the process of cutting the master discs from recording session tapes was not a very different technical skill than the vinyl pressing operation.The biggest problem as such with vinyl has been to safeguard the largest possible part of the audio fidelity of the master tape, by troubleshooting and working around he numerous downfalls and obstacles brought about by the medium itself. The technology o f cutting vinyl from tape came with its own set of limitations to a huge degree. To explain the groove on the record, the thickness of the hair carries pitch and tonal information laterally and the amplitude information vertically. The problems brought about by this system was that the bass frequencies would drastically affect the total width of the groove.This in turn would affect the determined length of the information being cut onto the vinyl. the thickness of the vinyl similarly affected the dynamic range available for each cut. The recording onto analog tape helped with these flaws to a certain extent through having a tendency to roll off the distinctly sharp high intensity transients. This tendency was due to the saturation that occurred when hit with too much level, which would result in the stylus Jumping out of groove or often burn the disc cutter head itself.Around this time larger record companies dealing with pop music were prioritizing the automation of the tape to dis k transfer as much as possible in the interest of production efficiency. One of the biggest advancements this brought about was the ossibility to determine the thickness of the grooves using analog computer circuitry. It eventually brought about the possibility of having record sides of up to, and in some cases beyond, 30 minutes. The equipment being used for the mastering process also had to be specifically developed for use in record production.The idea behind this was to protect the companies from the expensive cutter heads blowing up as well as to ensure a more quality consistent product.! The birth of the Mastering Plant It was not long betore a tew engineers in this industry realized that there might me a arket out there for mastering that is done with superior care and skill. This brought about the birth of the first independent mastering lab in Los Angeles during the late 60's. The art of mastering became more about the attention to detail, skillful use of the highest grade equipment available and a devotion to artistic satisfaction.This trend soon grew into a business where a master tape sent to a mastering plant run by a credible engineer such as Bob Ludwig, Doug Sax or Bob Katz would result in a disc that sounded phenomenal. lt was during this time that the name of the astering engineer was listed on to the credits of the albums. Mastering trivia: ! â€Å"A significant step in this extension of the role of the mastering engineer, even if ephemeral and exclusively linked to a specific musical style, was the dance mix fad, today devolved, in a modified form, to the D].A rhythmic pop song is delivered to the mastering studio with, along with its official mix, a series of excerpts, sub-mixes of rhythm sections, solo voices, etc. The mastering engineer constructs an extended version of the song, destined for, among others, nightclubs, adding as required upplemental effects and even sounds from other sources. † (Dominique Bassal, 2005) Mastering to day Mastering is still very much a part of the industry, although most of them no longer cut master discs from analog reel tape. The CD generation has definitely caused a huge change in the mastering process.This process is now known as mastering where the recording in its final stage is brought in recorded on to a digital medium and is then sent for pressing. In the older days, each record company would have its own in house engineers working to a pre determined standard set by the company itself. These standards ere for the calibration of recorders, level and metering standards, interfacing and conversion equipment, etc. A number of engineers would also custom build some of the equipment used in their studio. This time saw that the tapes that were sent to these mastering studios could have a consistency to quality and fidelity.The order of the songs on the record, short pauses between tracks and equalization would have already been dealt with. ! Today the mastering business is a v ery different market compared to back then. The material for an album made these days could have been sourced from a variety of ifferent places, ranging from large studio rooms to a bedroom studio. The mixing on the record could have been done using Just a computer and sometimes by the artist themselves. These changes make it a completely contrasting market to when the big record companies were around.It opens a new realm of artistic space to play with as well. This treedom however also attec ed t the technical aspects ot the production. ! It is due to these reasons that mastering engineers began to expect their clients to provide them the recorded and mixed product with certain measures taken into account. The client is requested to not finish aspects of the process such as song spacing, fades and final master levels for each song. It is in the benefit of the client to trust the mastering engineer to take care of such detailed aspects with the necessary skill set and experience.A f undamental point to remember in todays technological free market is that technical competence cannot be taken for granted. Todays mastering engineers are expected to take a body of work that is recorded, produced and mixed and transform it into a sonic piece that is well balanced and is aurally pleasing to listen to. It involves a meticulous binding, processing and reinforcing of sound to translate the artistic vision onto various forms of playback. Mastering Equipment The equipment used in the process of mastering is a range of extremely high quality units that perform very specific tasks in the overall chain.The most important tool however is and will always be the attention to detail through years of experience and critical listening. Equipment used at this stage today is very relative to what is being achieved through the process itself. The aspects that are of prime importance through mastering are he conversion of audio information from analog to digital domains, the consisten t but not squashed dynamic range, equalization and balance of the songs with respect to each other and the intricately combined amplification done using consoles, compressors and limiters.Acoustics: Mastering is the last and final stage between the product and its dispatch for replication and distribution. This is where the sonic fidelity of the album or any other work is Judged technically to suite the various listening conditions and environments that audiences consume music in. Acoustics is amongst the most important tools to chieving a neutral space where the engineer can fully understand the strengths and weaknesses of the pre master. Monitors: Reference monitoring systems for mastering plants are very different from the ones used in the mixing and play back stages.Monitoring systems for mastering rooms can be two way or three way systems that divide the trequency ranges to separate drivers so that they are individually emphasized to then pay special attention to. Plants usuall y run two or three sets of references. Adam audio, Barefoot sound and Earthworks are some of the biggest names in Audio reference monitors for astering. Amplification: Amplification is an important stage in the mastering chain and is integral to driving the sound clean and transparent through and out of the monitors.Another reason for amplification is to have a palette of colors to pass the audio through. There are usually at least two different amplification systems in a mastering plant. Console: The console is the heart of the mastering chain where everything comes together. It is the Hub for the audio that is passing through the outboard equipment, convertors and the DAW. Manley, TK Audio and Maselec are highly renowned mastering console anufacturers. DAW: DAWS are the software environments within which the Audio is contained and worked with.There is a wide variety of programs that specialize in different need of the mastering process, For example – Pro tools HD, DDP creat or Pro, Sequoia. EQ's: Equalization is the process of treating specific ranges of the audio to strike a smooth balance that will translate the music onto systems that may not always reproduce the entire spectrum from 20Hz to 20KHz such as earphones and car audio systems. Buzz Audio, Prism Sound and GML are amongst the biggest names for EQ's with regards toDynamics processors: Dynamic range is an integral part of preparing music and audio to a level of industry standard distribution. These processors are categorized into Compressors, Limiters, Exciters, Expanders and Gates. They are used to gradually make the audio translate with a benchmark RMS and Peak level that varies in ratio across music, film, television and radio broadcast. Manley, Cranesong, API and Tubetech make extremely high grade Hardware Dynamics processors for mastering. Convertors: Convertors are arguably the most important tools in the mastering chain today.The amount ot media that is generated completely in the digi tal domain is significantly huge. Converting this information to analog in order to be processed and worked with requires precision based high quality convertor components that can be very expensive. The conversion process also plays a huge factor in converting analog to digital considering the fundamental differences that exist between them such as hardware circuitry and software coding. Lavry Engineering and Apogee is at the forefront of building high quality convertors for mastering. Digital Processors:An integral part of todays Mixing and Mastering is Digital Signal Processing. The tools available for use within a computer are much more cost effective and pretty close to replicating the results of analog gear and circuitry. The biggest names that have been developing the tools of this digital era are Universal Audio, Waves and McDSP, using modern technology and specifically designed chipsets to treat audio without losing its fidelity. Conclusion: The art of Mastering as a discip line was first considered to be a technical process within the larger process of making a record.Over the decades this art form came to recognition when its artistic impact was noticed by people from the industry such as the artist and producers themselves. This brought about the Mastering Plant Revolution. The skill set and aesthetic value brought into the production process by mastering engineers have grown to be invaluable in this day and age of digital distribution. It is through this evolution across almost five decades that todays mastering studio serves as the last and final stage of technical and artistic quality control for most recorded media. References: Aud, R. (n. d. ).http://www.recordingmag.com/resources/resourceDetail/109.htmlhttp://www.recordingmag.com/resources.htmlhttp://www.macmusic.org/articles/view.php/lang/en/id/91/The-Practice-of-Mastering-1-Historyhttp://www.mixonline.com/news/profiles/issues-modern-mastering/365757http://www.mixonline.com/news/recordinghttp ://www.mixonline.com/

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Play And Physical Health Essay

Play is characterized by behaviors that are intrinsically motivated and self initiated. It is a process oriented, non-literal and pleasurable activity. it also has other characteristics as being exploratory, among other things (Fromberg, 2002). Play is an encompassing activity that affects the physical (Frost et al. 2001), social (Murata & Maeda, 2002), emotional and cognitive development of the child. (Murata & Maeda, 2002) Children spend an ample of their time playing. Children interact with their peers and parents most time by playing with them. A lot of their interaction with their parents builds their intellectual prowess. They learn to build social bonds with their family. (Rivkin 1995) . Moreover, interacting with their peers help them to become individuals that are completely incorporated into the society. Interaction with their colleagues sometimes brings about traumatic experiences like inflicting bodily wounds. The effect of what they do might linger with them for the rest of their lives. However sweet the playing experience could be, it can also be nasty. Aside from sharpening the physical and mental agility of a child, playing can also bring upon them serious medical emergencies as a result of accidents. Although play is an important part of sociological interaction, it is one of the major ways by which children learn role playing. Playing is also a way by which children keep themselves healthy. (Murata & Maeda, 2002) Play is good for the children but in order for it to bring out the desired results, it must be in the right environment (Rivkin 1995). The environment must be attractive enough to facilitate the play so as to encourage the action. In selecting play objects for children, it is important to consider their abilities and temperament so as not to inadvertently hand them tools that they can use in inflicting bodily harm to themselves and their peers. Also, they must play under the supervision of an older adult to monitor their activities. Play is pleasurable, it is good for the development of the child but it must not be allowed to get out of hand.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Case Against Capital Punishment essays

The Case Against Capital Punishment essays Whitehead 1 A Moratorium on The Death Penalty Should Be Enacted In Illinois Due to the recent releases of newly exonerated Death Row inmates, individuals and organizations are calling for a moratorium- a cooling off period for state executions. The cases of just a few inmates makes it apparent that this would be a necessary step to save innocent lives. After 17 years in prison, Illinois Death Row inmate Anthony Porter was released from jail after a judge threw out his murder conviction following the introduction of new evidence. This reversal of fortune came just two days before Porter was to be executed. As reported in USA Today, Porter's release was the result of investigative research as conducted by a Northwestern University professor and students. The evidence gathered suggested that Porter had been wrongly convicted. Were these new revelations and the subsequent release of Porter a lucky break or a freak occurrence? Not likely, reports DeWayne Wickham, also of USA Today. He points out that since the reinstatement of the death penalty in the United States in 1976, of those sentenced to death, 490 people have been executed while 76 have been freed from Death Row. This calculates into one innocent person being released from Death Row for every six individuals that were executed. This figure correlates with the 1996 U.S. Department of Justice report that indicates that over a 7-year period, beginning in 1989, when DNA evidence in various cases was tested, 26% of primary suspects were exonerated. This has led some to conclude that a similar percentage of inmates presently serving time behind bars may have been wrongly convicted prior to the advent of forensic DNA typing. Amnesty International, in its 1998 report "Fatal Flaws: Innocence and the Death Penalty", supports the American Bar Association's call ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Informative Essay Sample on Social Management System Changes

Informative Essay Sample on Social Management System Changes If the statement man is a social animal is true then this management principal would be the best possible relevant example of it. Consider this- every individual is shaped by the virtue of his or her environment (Lamb, 23). Therefore it is obvious that an employee would be governed by the nature of workplace he or she is associated with. If the term work culture should be taken into account then it becomes more relevant. In most of the third world country red tape vicious circle is a usual nuisance under bureaucratic formulations. (Fletcher, 72) But to overcome it if anything is to be done is the entire reconstruction of the system itself. The governing body must make sure to provide the employees with a structure that motivates and accelerates the work efficiency of the employees. Likewise, this management principal could be an enormous resourceful tool for a HR manager who wants to gear up the efficiency level of the employees. If otherwise, the management decides that system is running smoothly and there are no needs to evoke a revolution in terms of system change, still the HR manager is left with ideas that would enable sea change within the work attitude of the employees by enforcing minor or petite changes within the set principals of the apparently rigid structure of the system. For example, the HR manager can introduce the use of low volume light music to be played though out the working hours. This music can be anything on the path of Kenny G saxophone or Richard Clayderman piano tunes. This would be a direct influence on the employees as light music like these would help them overcome boredom and attain more and refreshed vigor at work. (Podolski, 241)

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Improve Your Workplace Mood with 10 Basic Tips

Improve Your Workplace Mood with 10 Basic Tips Cheer up isnt feedback most of us typically get in our annual reviews, but studies show bringing a positive attitude into the office with you can improve relationships and productivity and make-up for the less exciting aspects of the daily grind.Try these 10 simple steps from The Undercover Recruiter to boost your mood and help you bring your A game every day!1. Eat HealthierIve never met a vending machine I didnt like, but I know that empty calories and sugary snacks during that 2 p.m. lull are not my friends! I started outsmarting temptation by bringing small baggies of almonds, trail mix, or granola bars to cut down on snacking, and using what I saved in the break room to treat myself to salads or fresh food options at lunchtime.2. Get Some ExerciseSome companies are able to offer discounted gym memberships or other workplace incentives to employees who take the time to workout and enjoy those exercise endorphins. Whether its a walk at lunch, a shift at a standing desk, or an earl y morning spin class, give your mind and body the energy they need by getting whatever exercise you can!3. Get More SleepI have to trick myself into this one by hiding my phone out of reach when I go to bed; otherwise I keep refreshing social media or checking my email despite the fact that literally nothing is going to happen that will need my attention before the morning. Make your bedroom a quiet, welcoming, dark space, and reserve sleeping hours for sleep.4. Give FeedbackIf youre dissatisfied with something at work, the best way to get some changes made is to speak up about it- productively, of course, so youre not just complaining. Talk to your boss or your colleagues if you have suggestions to improve your work environment; you might be surprised what a difference you can make by communicating what you need.5. Show GratitudeWhether youre higher up in the food chain or anchoring the entry-level spot, take a minute each day to express gratitude to someone who makes your job easi er, someone whose contribution you appreciate, or someone who often goes unrecognized. Keeping a journal at home or on your phone can help you document moments that made it all worthwhile, so you have something to look back at on a bad day.6. ReflectAnother task that journal is great for is looking back over the day or week youve just had. Where were you successful? Where do you have room to improve? When you take the time to review your performance thoughtfully, youll move through the workday with more awareness, which can lead to increased satisfaction and better work overall.7. MeditateWhether you take a little time to close your eyes and take a few deep breaths every hour or actually devote 20  minutes of your lunch hour to a more formal practice, meditation is proven to increase calm, focus, and empathy levels. Dont get caught up in a stressful day- step back and recenter yourself.8. Get to Know Your ColleaguesIf youre an introvert like me, this might sound dreadful. At the e nd of a long day, often the last thing I want to do is troop down to happy hour with the people Ive already spent all day with. But whether you strike up a conversation at Patricks birthday party (a.k.a. awkward cake in the conference room hour) or invite your counterpart from another department to eat lunch outside with you, find interpersonal connections at work to help you look forward to each day in the office.9. Help OthersSpending even 10-15 minutes helping someone else out can reliably make you feel better about yourself and your job. Just as beneficial, it may make them more willing to help you out in return someday; youre building social capital and improving your day at the same time.10. Take a Mental Health DayWe live in a work culture that values constant accessibility, putting in extra hours, and pushing ourselves forward incessantly. If youre lucky enough to have paid sick leave, treat yourself to a day where you dont think about work at all. It will all be waiting for you the next morning; after a day away to refresh yourself, youll already be happier on the job.  10 Simple Steps to Being Happy at Work  Read More at theundercoverrecruiter.com

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Managing Virtual Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Virtual Teams - Essay Example Under the virtual arrangement, we shared out work and through communication while students go home, with some going as far as Europe but make tremendous contributions than when we at campus where laxity seems to crop up. In terms of the discussion given by Ernst, Hoegl and Siebdrat (2009), it is true that there must be a good coordination of the virtual team in order for results to be realized. The authors confirm my observation that my team relied on sharing out work and an active group leader who ensured that the necessary contribution was done through communication. According to Majchrzak, Malhotra and Rosen (2007), certain effective leadership of the team is very important in the determination of success of the virtual team. A different perspective is given by Balsmeier, Bergiel and Bergiel (2008) who argue that virtual teams face many challenges among them is the remote capacity to deal with conflicts since the members cannot have an open forum for immediate response likely to iron out differences. It is clear that a more keen interest must be paid to more seasoned organizations willing to adopt the virtual team arrangement. Among the best practices which must be implemented include a clear definition of the targeted goals and rewards for the team (Briggs, Nunamaker and Reinig, 2009). According to the author, this acts as a reminder of the need to keep motivated since there is lack of physical motivators. The authors also reckon that focus must be sustained and directed on the tasks. Familiarity is among the team members assists in understanding the contributions that each member can make. This implies that a virtual presence must be established through appropriate leadership guided by set out standards. Training of the team members may be useful and ensuring expeditious approach may also require anonymity for independence as

Friday, October 18, 2019

International Business paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business paper - Essay Example Australian newspapers have similarly been blazing on about the changes in the economic policy and big business. The Age reported on February 25th about the Australian clothing company Pacific Brands moving its manufacturing facilities to China (Draper 2009). This has been in line with moves by a range of such businesses in the country deciding to place their facilities in Asia. Brands espoused by the company have been seen to be quintessentially Australian with a large following. This decision has been seen with a reflection of how many other local manufacturers in the food industry and others have slowly been taken over by foreign based companies. However, The Age reports that Pacific Brands, which retains Australian ownership, stresses that it remains very much Australian. Despite its manufacturing facilities now located in Asia and the subsequent layoff of workers in the country, the company's top management is quick to point out that the idea generation and organization will always remain Australian and thus it will not lose its focus towards the country (Draper 2009). In another article, The Canberra Times comments on the possible measures being contemplated by the Government to limit free trade by ranking up tariffs and subsidies (Barnett 2009). This is seen as a possible deterrent to the adverse effects of the international financial crisis and that it would help local businesses to stand up. Globalization is seen by some circles to be blamed for the recession that is leading to layoffs and a drop in production. It is believed that such restrictive measures can be used, despite remaining WTO legal to help the Australian economy. However it is argued that it could potentially be devastating since the country now has a big population and in recent years has been witnessing floods in rural areas and bush fires along with other troubles. It requires the elements of free trade to be present so that cheap imports can be brought in to meet local needs as the local economy may not be as self sufficient as is predicted (Barnett 2009). Question 1 Both these articles can be said to fall into the study of international business. The article by The Age speaks of the move by one Australian company that is typical of the trend being adopted by companies worldwide to find cheaper labor costs and costs of manufacturing to get higher profit margins. This shows the emergence of the global economy that we are witnessing today and the worldwide marketplace such that it is viable for businesses to shift their facilities to different parts of the world as comparative advantage shifts (Hirst 2002). It further has implications for local employment and that in the area to which the company shifts where the company will have to adapt to the local culture and practices in the case of its workforce there. It may further have to deal with exchange rate changes, a possible reliance on hedging techniques and be involved in the foreign exchange market which further links the company with others around the world. The other one by The Canberra Times talks about the Australian government's response to a global financial crisis and the ensuing recession. This is relevant to international bus

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Accounting - Assignment Example Moreover, they defraud the bank by inflating that they had purchased a real estate property on behalf of the bank at a value of three point two billion instead of sixty-three point five million dollars (International Financial Reporting. (2013). Stanford Company failed to carry out background check to investigate the history of the two officials prior hiring them. Secondly, the company did not setup anti-fraud policy that indicates how to detect report and curb fraud. Thirdly, the company did not have an anti-fraud training to educate employees on the risk of fraud. Additionally Stanford Company was unable to conduct job rotation which could have helped to prevent the occurrence of fraud (Iyer & Samociuk, 2006). I would recommend the company to establish internal and external control. For example, the company should carry out regular internal and external audits. Further, background check may help to identify personal character to hold sensitive financial positions. Moreover, ant-fraud policies and training should be put forth to address the issues of fraud (Iyer & Samociuk,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Franchising & Small Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Franchising & Small Case Study Analysis - Essay Example In addition, the nature of the business assures customers of different income backgrounds. In this sense, it is possible to have daily substantial sales (Lundahl, 2012). The business has two modes of serving customers. This pertains to internal partaking of food and delivery services. In most instances, customers partake of already prepared fries and artificial juice products. It is vital to note that preparation of natural juices might take different dimensions as concerns the taste and preference of customers. The institutions and businesses provide a significant market to Bucking Bull’s products as the outlet delivers food and drinks to the same. There are two types of delivery services. They are either on short or long term delivery terms. Short term delivery plans depend on daily orders. On the other hand, the business might deliver larger quantities of foods on monthly agreements and contracts with businesses. It is vital to stress that there is substantial competition in Bucking’s venue of conducting business. This relates to the mushrooming of smaller food outlets. The chance for expansion, in the industry, places Bucking at a vulnerable position for succumbing to competitive pressure (Andrews, 2007). This is because new businesses are tactful at satisfying loopholes of existing businesses. However, this is mitigated by creating a customer loyalty of following their recommendations for improvement of business. The first innovation pertains to value addition services and development of a brand that customers would associate with the same. It is vital to note that food outlets usually study the recipes of the best restaurant. In this sense, they would normally make similar foods across a chain of different outlets. Therefore, a brand name establishes a competitive edge that improvement in food services would not accomplish. A brand name is vital in pushing up revenues as more customers are

A criminal offends because he is caused to do so in a way which the Essay

A criminal offends because he is caused to do so in a way which the non criminal is not. Discuss this claim in relation to positivist criminology - Essay Example Although both of these theories belong to criminology at large but their ideologies are significantly different from one another. This paper aims to study positivist criminology while discussing a distinctive claim made in relation to criminology. Moreover, the two theories positivist and classist criminology would be compared to comprehend their basic functions and real world practicality. Criminology is broadly defined as the comprehensive study of why people indulge in to criminal activities. It also includes the observation of various criminal attitudes and behaviors while focusing on external and internal motivation factors (Understanding Criminology Theories, 2014). Studying criminology significantly helps in controlling crime rate since when investigators know the actual reasons for crime they can act accordingly while rehabilitating the criminal. Different criminology theories address different issues, for instance, some are associated with the individual criminals whereas others focus more towards the criminal’s act. Hence some criminologist suggests that criminals make a conscious choice in order to commit the crime while others suggest that community persuades an individual to act in an offensive manner. Thus they consider it the responsibility of social powers and community leaders to ensure that the inhabitants do not fall in to illegal and unethica l activities. This can be effectively done through providing them safe and protected job opportunities with an addition of sustainable living conditions (Understanding Criminology Theories, 2014). Apart from this, criminologists who believe that individuals have internal motivations and instincts to act violently should be determined during various examinations and psychological tests. They must be put in to different negative situations so as figure out their hidden weaknesses and thinking

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Franchising & Small Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Franchising & Small Case Study Analysis - Essay Example In addition, the nature of the business assures customers of different income backgrounds. In this sense, it is possible to have daily substantial sales (Lundahl, 2012). The business has two modes of serving customers. This pertains to internal partaking of food and delivery services. In most instances, customers partake of already prepared fries and artificial juice products. It is vital to note that preparation of natural juices might take different dimensions as concerns the taste and preference of customers. The institutions and businesses provide a significant market to Bucking Bull’s products as the outlet delivers food and drinks to the same. There are two types of delivery services. They are either on short or long term delivery terms. Short term delivery plans depend on daily orders. On the other hand, the business might deliver larger quantities of foods on monthly agreements and contracts with businesses. It is vital to stress that there is substantial competition in Bucking’s venue of conducting business. This relates to the mushrooming of smaller food outlets. The chance for expansion, in the industry, places Bucking at a vulnerable position for succumbing to competitive pressure (Andrews, 2007). This is because new businesses are tactful at satisfying loopholes of existing businesses. However, this is mitigated by creating a customer loyalty of following their recommendations for improvement of business. The first innovation pertains to value addition services and development of a brand that customers would associate with the same. It is vital to note that food outlets usually study the recipes of the best restaurant. In this sense, they would normally make similar foods across a chain of different outlets. Therefore, a brand name establishes a competitive edge that improvement in food services would not accomplish. A brand name is vital in pushing up revenues as more customers are

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Spain and England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spain and England - Essay Example There were frequent struggles over religious beliefs, and that culminated into the thirty years of war from 1618 to 1648. Catholic and protestant leaders manipulated the situations to befit their political interests. This paper seeks to examine the early modern rivalry between Spain and England, from the angle of the ensuing religious schism. It conspicuously shows how the rivalry strengthened each nation and explains the reasons why England emerged the dominant power by 1600, based on the accounts and examples captured in the book The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 3rd edition by Lynn Hunt et al. The religious war pitted France and Spain, which were predominantly Catholic and desirous of restoring Catholicism throughout Europe and England, which was predominantly protestant, under the Church of England. The rise of Church of England came under the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547). When Henry VII tried to end is marriage with Catherine of Aragon, so that he would marry Anne Boleyn, the Catholic Church opposed as result of which Henry VIII changed England’s religion, through the enactment of the Act of Supremacy of 1529. Henry VIII’s successors had different impact of the Church of England, most of which were influenced by Spanish catholic philosophy. For instance, Mary Tudor was married to Phillip of Spain, and the latter implored upon her to instill reforms at the Catholic Church in England. As a result of his role, Mary Tudor had over 300 Protestants executed (Hunt et al, 2010, 456). However, Elizabeth I (1558-1693) reestablished Protestantism, and she rejected proposals by Phillip upon the death of Mary. Therefore, as results of the differences between these 2 powers, there were internal strife and disorders in each country. For instance, in England, there was a catholic uprising in the North under the reign of Elizabeth, which she had to deal with, and because of her Protestantism policy, she faced two serious attempts to assassinate her, and there was always the threat of a Spanish invasion. To add, these powers interfered with each other’s activities, including using proxies to f ight their wars. For instance, Elizabeth I funded Dutch rebels engaged against Spain. Phillips II of Spain was determined to destroy political enemies in England, France and Netherlands. The wars took an economic toll on Spain, for by the time Phillip died; Spain could barely afford to wage wars against the Dutch, France and England. Phillip II, despite inheriting a lot of wealth, he used all his revenue to fund the conquest of France, the English protestants and the Ottoman Turks. The conflicts had escalated to a full war, in 1587, when Phillip, in response to the beheading of Mary Stuart-a catholic who was next in line to the throne and who had offered Phillip II of Spain her rights to the Scottish throne- sent his armada to attack England. His armada was heavily defeated, signaling a humiliating defeat to the Spanish Catholics while the Protestants rejoiced (Hunt et al, 2010, 457). Moreover, the two countries were faced with famine, starvation, economic recession and as results o f the constant wars between the 2 countries. For instance, in England, many people ate some bread and soup during the famine, that culminated in the passage of poor law in 1597, whose role was to order communities to support the poor. With regards to inflation, it arose out of the need for more money to support the warfare. As a result, the rulers raised taxes and depreciated the value of their money resulting to high inflation (Hunt

Monday, October 14, 2019

David and Solomon Essay Example for Free

David and Solomon Essay In 1 Kings 9:12-13, Hiram, the king of Tyre, is described as not pleased with the kind of towns that King Solomon has given him. Perhaps expecting for something that would have equaled all the pine, cedar and gold that he gave Solomon, Hiram questioned the King about the towns that he received. On the other hand, 2 Chronicles 8:2 merely mentions that Solomon reconstructed the villages that Hiram had given, after which he settled the Israelites in these villages. Following the passages in 1 Kings 9:10-28, Hiram named the twenty towns in Galilee he received from Solomon as the Land of Cabul. The word â€Å"Cabul† means ‘what does not please’ in Phoenician. The fact that the Hiram named the land Solomon has given him â€Å"Cabul† suggests that, indeed, Hiram was not pleased at all with the gestures of the King. Perhaps the reason to Hiram’s displeased reaction is that he gave all the pine, cedar and gold that Solomon wanted only to get twenty lands which did not suit his taste. It might have been the case that Hiram had high expectations in return of his gestures to Solomon. On the other hand, 2 Chronicles 8:2 suggests that Hiram gave the towns to Solomon instead of Solomon supposedly giving Hiram the twenty towns in Galilee in 1 Kings 9:11. In 2 Chronicles 8:2, it is mentioned that Solomon â€Å"rebuilt† the cities he received, implying that the cities were not in good condition. In the same passage, we are also told that Solomon eventually placed the Israelites to live in those rebuilt cities. The passage appears to point us the idea that Solomon was a king who was out to develop the undeveloped and to expand his dominion through the resources he garnered from his conquests. Moreover, Solomon’s men together with Hiram’s sailors returned home from Ophir delivering four hundred and fifty talents of gold to Solomon in 2 Chronicles 8:17-18. On the contrary, 1 Kings 9:28 narrates the same fleet of men sailing to Ophir but only delivering four hundred and twenty talents of gold to Solomon. The discrepancy in the amount of gold delivered suggests at least two ideas: one is that Solomon was either exceedingly triumphant or not in his exploits and two is that he was either a well-respected ruler or not by his subjects. In essence, the accounts provided in 2 Chronicles 8:1-18 suggest that Solomon was a king who was exceedingly triumphant so much so that Hiram was compelled to give him cities which Solomon then rebuilt. On the other hand, the accounts provided in 1 Kings 9:10-28 suggest that Solomon was a ruler who, in general, did not give the appropriate dues to people who expected much from him insomuch as he was a ruler who the royal subjects can easily steal from due in part to a lack of honesty and respect. I think the two accounts differ with respect to the descriptions of the character and the actions of Solomon because of differing perceptions towards Solomon. I think the inclusion of the displeased reaction of Hiram in 1 Kings 9:12-13 may suggest that some people saw Solomon at the time of his rule as someone who could only care less about how other people may see him and react against his actions. On the contrary, the omission of Hiram’s reaction in 2 Chronicles 8:2 may suggest that how people viewed Solomon with regard to his actions was irrelevant since he may have been seen as a righteous ruler who provided for his subjects their necessities. In general, the description of Solomon’s reign in 1 Kings is not only â€Å"based on a variety of sources with a different provenance† but also â€Å"displays traces of different stages of redaction† (Talshir, p. 233) or the combination of multiple source texts, thereby suggesting that the differences in the accounts can be largely attributed to their respective writers. In both 2 Samuel 8:1-18 and 1 Chronicles 18:1-17, the triumphs of David in all of his wars are narrated. In all of the wars revealed in the two accounts, David is portrayed as an able leader who is very much capable of invading territories and still not forgetting to make offerings to God such as the gold and silver exploits. Both accounts agree that the Lord helped David wherever he went, indicating that the Lord was pleased with the efforts of David. However, one major difference between the two accounts is that, in 2 Samuel 8:2, David is described as having been able to defeat the Moab forces which was followed by the execution the few remaining Moabites. In the selection process, the Moabites were made to lie on the ground in a line and those who were within two lines were put to death while those in the third length were given the chance to live under the rule of David. Apparently, nothing about the process of the execution was mention throughout 1 Chronicles 18:1-17. The inclusion of the description of the execution of the Moabites in 2 Samuel 8:2 gives a rough image of how David was supposedly ruthless towards his conquered subjects. The passage gives us the impression that, although David was kind enough to â€Å"randomly† allow some of the Moabites to live, he was nonetheless a leader and a warrior who showed little mercy towards those who have survived the onslaught of his armies. The seemingly detailed account of the execution of the Moabites creates an eerie mental environment, appearing as a visual reminder that David was a conqueror who displayed his authority and power with little mercy. And yet, David is still portrayed in the same passage as an abiding servant of the Lord who never forgets to provide his offerings to God. It signifies that, since the Lord helped David wherever he went, nothing can stand against the way and the disposition of David. In essence, it appears that the position of the writer in 2 Samuel 8:1-18 is that David was a devout servant of the Lord while being a ruthless conqueror who can easily take the lives of his conquered subjects according to his will. On the other hand, the writer of 1 Chronicles 18:1-17 seems to suggest that David was blessed by the Lord and that he was a leader who piously served and gave offerings to the Lord without the hint of ruthlessness revealed in 2 Samuel 8:2. The two accounts differ primarily because David, I think, was a ruler hated in his time by those who became victims of his military actions. It is therefore not surprising that at least one account pertaining to David’s military advances gave several details about how people were executed depending on the decision of David. However, those who saw David as a righteous ruler and those who benefitted from his triumphs are more inclined to put David on a more positive regard. Roddy L. Braun suggests that the Chronicler—the writer of the book of Chronicles—presents David’s kingship as â€Å"greeted by the mixed multitudes of Israel with immediate and enthusiastic unanimity† (Braun, p. 503) unlike the respective writers of Samuel and Kings. Such variations in writings can hardly be reconciled almost entirely and that the only way to avoid the vicious circle that can commence from the failure to reconcile the accounts, as Sara Japhet suggests, is â€Å"by studying the matter from its positive aspects—not from what is omitted, but from what is existent† (Japhet, p. 206). Thus, it is not necessarily the case that the differences in the accounts mean that one account is true and the other is not. While Solomon may be portrayed in Kings quite differently from Chronicles or while David may be portrayed in Samuel differently from Chronicles, the differences may not essentially signify the truthfulness or falsehood of either one of the accounts. Rather, the presence of additional details in the each account provides more insight into the lives of Kings David and Solomon. Works Cited Braun, Roddy L. â€Å"Solomonic Apologetic in Chronicles. † Journal of Biblical Literature 92. 4 (1973): 503-16. Japhet, Sara. â€Å"Conquest and Settlement in Chronicles. † Journal of Biblical Literature 98. 2 (1979): 205-18. Talshir, Zipora. â€Å"The Reign of Solomon in the Making. † Vetus Testamentum 50. 2 (2000): 233-49

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Changes in the Business Environment of Shell and Subsequent Strategy

Changes in the Business Environment of Shell and Subsequent Strategy The main objective of this assignment deals with business environmental changes of Shell Company (Petroleum Company) from last 5 years. PESTEL analysis was applied in the following assignment, in order to present Shell Companys present status in all aspects and the changes that have taken place in the company. Moreover, the various types of strategies formulated were outlined and discussed. Introduction An organization is an entity that provides goods and services to consumers who need or want them and it does not function in isolation. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and understand all the factors within its environment that could potentially affect it. The environment of a business is normally divided into two categories, the micro environment and the macro environment. Below we shall discuss in details what each category means. Micro-environment: Internal factors like suppliers, competitors and employees are volatile and influence transformation of a business process and often it leads to undermining the current balance within the system. Suppliers: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. www.overstockuniverse.com http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/A_company%27s_supply_chain_%28en%29.png/300px-A_company%27s_supply_chain_%28en%29.png Company should have a social responsibility towards their suppliers, as they transform the natural resources and raw materials into finished goods which are delivered to the end consumers. They also play a vital role during product shortage. They are the combination of all types of business practice and ethics. www.overstockuniverse.com Customers: A  Client, buyer or purchaser, is usually used to refer to a current or potential buyer or user of the  products  of an individual or  organization, called the  supplier,  seller, or  vendor. Slogans for the Customer: the customer is king or the customer is god or the customer is always right. www.rajputbrotherhood.com Competitors: Competition  is a  contest  between individuals, groups, nations, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. Competition arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared. Humans compete for  wealth, prestige, and  fame so that they met deep rivalries often arises over the pursuit of. Business is often associated with competition as most companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Macro-environment: Decision making by managers are influenced by many factors that constitutes the macro environment in a business. The examples for the macro environment are Tax changes, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm The following factors are: Political factors: Political environment is an unpredictable element which effect specific organizations badly due to instability in government and rules passed by the political parties. Factors like political stability in the country, party in power, ideology of government and foreign policy greatly influence the business in political environment of the country. Example: Indian Government restricted coca-cola sales during late seventies following policy of restricting the growth of multinationals in Indian markets. But coco-cola was allowed after some years under the New Industrial policy of 1991. Under this new policy, government liberalized licensing, imports and exports, inflow of foreign capital and technology on more liberal terms. www.rajputbrotherhood.com Economic forces: Interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates are all comes under economic forces. Foundations of Economics book economic change is a major impact on a firms behavior. Some of the examples are it has been difficult to export due to higher cost of raising finances, strong domestic currency makes it difficult to compete with that foreign prices. Social/cultural: The availability and willingness to work, and the demand of a product has lot to do with the social trends around which the firm is operating in. Cultures and attitudes towards work are varied from country to country. A firm may forced to wind up operation if it hurts intentionally or unintentionally the religious belief of a religion. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm Especially in Indian culture eating beef is against the religion they are e.g. When McDonalds opened their chain of restaurants in India; they were opposed by religious activists as McDonalds were serving beef in their menu which forced McDonalds to change their menu. Technological factors: Technology makes the human life simple; by using technology we can create new products and new services in the market like usage of Internet for online banking transactions and upgrade the old products. Technology helps firms to store customer data to their data base by using different data base tools like IBM data base software tool which helps for top brand companies to track their privileged customers and simultaneously it provides lot of employment opportunities for service based IT companies. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm Example: Few years back in India people were going to ICICI bank and had to fill the deposit form and they have to stand in line to deposit amount (its a time consuming process) but after up gradation of technology in ICICI everything changed no need of standing in line to deposit the amount, just deposit the amount directly in to automated teller machine and enter account number details. Environmental factors: It includes both weather and climatic change. Change in climatic conditions affects the farming and tourism industries directly. These climatic changes are mainly due to global warming .Firms should aware on environment changes , in fact people from different parts of the world are aware of the fact how important to preserve our planet and they shows more interest to minimize wastes and maintain healthy and hygienic environment. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm Example: Especially London government takes lot of care to maintain healthy and hygienic environment by creating recyclable products, using recycled materials and sustainable timber, minimize packaging, buying locally to save fuel costs, creating an efficient distribution network, working with suppliers and distributors who take steps to minimize environmental risk. Case Study The Royal Dutch Company was established in the year 1890 in the Netherlands, East Indies and after some years it abbreviated as Royal Dutch Petroleum Company in the year 1949. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies. Its headquarters is located at Hague, Netherlands. Royal Dutch Shell plc is the parent company of the shell group, which is incorporated in England and Wales(www.shell.com). Shell is responsible for Manufacturing, Selling and distributing of oil products across the globe and is positioned as a global leader in oil and gas industry. Shell helps in meeting global energy demand economically, environmentally and socially responsible ways. www.shell.com Challenges that Shell has dealt with the last 5 years Political factor is one of the important factor which affect all types of business directly and indirectly because so many political party people keep on changing the rules and regulations, instability in the political power and the price of oil keeps on increasing its a major threat for oil and gas companies with international operations. The following are the political changes and threats which are faced by the shell in the last 5 years: Majority of shells operations is in Nigeria. Due to militant activities in Nigeria Shell is facing lot of political issues, which resulted in closure of 4 production facilities for the safety of their employees which resulted in loss of production by 400,000 BPD. In June 2008 there was a militant attack and Shell had to close their operations in Bonga field which resulted in reduction of production by 225,000 BPD. Shell has shutdown his Soku gas plant in Nigeria in November 2008 because thieves have damaged the gas pipelines at the Soku plant. Due to rise of illegal activities Shell was forced shut down of the gas plant which produced 40 percent of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for Nigeria and produced 10 percent LNG throughout the world. Shell published a warning to Nigerian government in the year 2009 as it helps by giving support to the local forces to lower the gas and oil prices. Shell lent $1.69 billion to the Nigerian government to solve the debts for the covered cost on gas project from 2009-2011.The source of income for shell investments in the Nigeria delta region depended on capability of controlling the violence by the Nigerian government in the delta region. Due to the continuous violence and explosions, Shell had to shutdown their pipe lines which were damaged. In 2009 5 theft incidents were reported, they siphoned oil from oil wells in Niger delta, even fire incidents were also reported but production was not effected as those oil fields were already closed due to lack of security in that area. 100,000 barrels of crude used to get stolen almost every day which means that is equal to 5% of Shells production in Nigeria. Increase in violence lead to decline of oil production by 20%. Shell faced the problems with both the Nigeria and Iraq governments .Especially in the case of Iraq government said that they were not in a position of consuming or exporting the gas which lost $40 million in day but shell tried to change this, due to the Iraq war led to terror attacks and instability in the government. Even though Shell settled a deal with Iraq government in oil production share and owned 49% of its venture to obtain the natural gas during the production of oil. Even now also shell operating the same venture even it is dominating by the sectary violence. Technology is most powerful factor for any manufacturing and oil based companies to stabilize their products in the market and to compete with other company products. In fact many companies must maintain good relationship with the customers to know the basic needs of the customers and be proactive to volatile behaviour of customer which is at times caused by introduction of new technology and its market impact. The Technology used by shell is in situ process which is very expensive and environmentally troublesome mining operation and would create thousands of tons of waste in the form of spent shale, as the mining method does and process is complicated due to the usage of this process it prevents groundwater from flowing into production area and this leads to raising pollution and scatters the more heat in the underground. After some years around 2008 Shell start using advanced EP technology not only helps to reduce the cost on oil goods and services by producing maximum quality at the same time it shows that how an organisation can take advantage of new technology by creating innovative products. Shell not only using EP technology but also using three other more technologies to minimize the global warming effect on the environment even though it is inevitable. http://www.isa.org/InTechTemplate.cfm?Section=Automation_Update1template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfmContentID=72109 Out of those GTL (Gas to Liquid: produced a clean burning fuel from natural gas) is one of the best technology which is used by the shell to minimize the emission of gases .GTL technology had create a lot of demand in 2006 due to increase in transport in the world, pollution norms were becoming stricter and stricter and it demanded for clean burning transport fuel , this forced Shell to introduce GTL technology. With the use of this technology Audis diesel car became the first car to win the Le Mans 24 hour race. GTL technology was also successfully tested in buses and taxi fleets in highly polluted cities. Introduction of this GTL technology will increase in the air quality we breathe. http://www.faoi.shell.com/2008/reviewoftheyear/technology/downstreamtechnology.html http://www.faoi.shell.com/2008/alternativeenergy/biofuels.html Social factors: Shell uses different strategies to maintain healthy relationship with industry experts as well as focus on its people. Company wants to maintain a good relationship with the society to improve goodwill of the company. According to Haney, Shell has been working with other companies and institutions to improve the competitiveness of local industry and develop more competition in Brazil, which will bring more jobs to the country. The pressing challenge is recruiting talented people and Shell has been successful in this, as the industry is still attractive to new graduates worldwide. Finding experienced people is a challenge, Haney says. We have a mix of expats here who volunteered to fill these gaps. Thats primarily on the technical side. Shell does employ local Brazilians to staff its finance, legal and external Affairs departments among others. Shell attracts their local people by providing transport fuel to around 10 million customers each day through our 44,000 service stations worldwide. Environmental factors: This is the main factor which is faced by the shell at present environment. Environmental Challenges and problems faced by company: In 2006 Shell faced an environmental challenge which caused environmental damage and also financial damage to the company. This happened due to negligence by a contractor who forgot to tighten the bolts of oil supply pipe. Oil which was supposed to be in harbor containment system was leaked through pipeline, this wasnt discovered until oil started floating in water, though the refinery employees started taking action to stop the oil leak already much of damage was done to hull of 75 boats. The California Department fish and Games of spill prevention and Response team investigated the cause of oil leak and they also claimed that it didnt cause any damage to sea life. Shell worked with US Coast guard and cleaned the entire oil spill. Shell had paid 300,000 pounds as fine for the negligence of their contractor. http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15202 A detailed study by PFC ( Trusted advisor for energy companies and government) showed that Shells carbon emissions was relatively higher than other oil companies, its report showed that it ranked high in carbon emission. This report was published in their annual report and was publicly available and which made stakeholders think about the companys performance and its position in the competitive market. Emissions disclosure study puts Shell bottom of the big oil class In 2010 Shell refineries reach Clean Air Act settlements; Shell companies are agreed to 6 million dollars for installing pollution reduction equipment at two oil refineries under clean Air Act settlement with the federal government to reduce harmful emissions. Shell Chemical LP and chemical Yabuco, units of Royal Dutch Shell PLC had installed new pollution control equipment at shell oil refineries. This settlement was announced by the Justice Department and the Environmental Protection Agency. http://royaldutchshellplc.com/2010/03/31/3-3-million-penalty-imposed-on-shell-for-clean-air-act-violations/ http://www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/environment/ http://www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/environment/biodiversity/shell_biodiversity/ Conclusions: In this report we discussed some challenges faced by Shell these include Political, Social, Environmental, and Technological among others and how Shell dealt took pre-emptive actions. Shell has faced many penalty and criticism from various governments regarding various Shells activities including Extraction, Processing, Production, Handling, transportation, storage of hazardous petroleum and chemical products. Shell has been constantly working on technological advancements to reduce carbon emission to the environment; Shell came up with innovations that help produce more eco-friendly environment. One such example is GTL Technology Producing clean burning fuel from natural gas which greatly reduces the emissions of the pollutant gases and hydrocarbon in the air. Shell is working towards CSR to build relationships with the society its running its business in. Attracting talent industry experts, and encouraging local talent to join forces and providing employment to the local community. Recommendations: Due to negligence of an employee Shell had to pay huge amount in the form of fine this shows that they need to conduct frequent training on risk associated to safety, training on new technology when any up gradation is taking place. Give a brief idea of what climate risk is. Shell also needs to some in depth risk analysis before starting a new project in demographic location. They need to work more on Marine safety and hygiene near their oil fields.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Pollution Essay: Don’t Blame Me for Global Warming -- Environment, Clim

More than 17,000 scientists have signed a petition saying human activities do not threaten to disrupt the climate. This overwhelming amount of people has been told to be wrong by one body of people. This body is our government, for many years now they have spoke of the horrendous situations stemming from global warming. This makes no sense; with the facts and information that we have received over the years they still support this preposterous idea. Humans do nothing to contribute to global warming; the irregular climate events are just natural occurrences. These occurrences are no stranger to our history either. (â€Å"Global Warm Up†)(â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†) The most recent case of significant warming was between the years 1850 and 1940. Most scientists say this rise in warmth was not caused by greenhouse gasses. If this was not caused by greenhouse gasses, it proves that there are times of irregular warming of the world. There have been other occurrences of irregular warmth. The biggest and most influential occurrence is called the MWP. (â€Å"The Real 'Inconvenient Truth'†) (â€Å"Medieval Warm Period†) The MWP, or Medieval Warm Period, occurred between AD 950 and AD 1250. It was a period of warmth, exceeding the temperatures of the late 20th century. People for global warming have said that human activities contribute to causing global warming. Using the MWP as proof, we know that we humans were not contributing to greenhouse gasses. Supporters of global warming say that we contribute to greenhouse gasses which in turn affect the temperature. If this is true, why would the temperature rise 1000 years ago if we didn’t even create greenhouse gasses? It’s because what is happening right now, is just a natural event. To counteract this sta... ...eenhouse effect. I know that people have their opinions, some educated and some not, my opinion is that we do not cause the greenhouse effect which in turn means we don’t cause global warming. Works Cited Barry Wigmore â€Å"Global warming? It’s natural say experts† DailyMail. 13 September 2007. Web. 22, 2010. Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: the Crisis of Global Warming. New York: Viking, 2007. Print. Gore, Albert. Our Choice: a Plan to Solve the Climate Crisis. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2009. Print. Manav, Tanneeru â€Å"Global warming: A natural cycle or human result?† CNN. 11 June, 2007. Web. 22 Nov, 2010. Morgan, Sally. Global Warming. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library, 2003. Print. â€Å"Global Warm Up† A Round Table. N.d.Web. 22 Nov, 2010. â€Å"The Real 'Inconvenient Truth'† Junk Science. N.d. Web. 22 Nov, 2010. â€Å"Medieval Warm Period† Wikipedia. N.d. Web. 22 Nov, 2010.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Victimless Crime

Victimless crime is a term that is used to refer or to explain the behavior that is illegal but does not violate or threaten the rights of anyone else. It means that one person may be involved who is the person committing the crime on his own without affecting anyone else in the process. It can also include acts in which two or more persons agree to commit a criminal offense in which no other person is involved. Sometimes in situations of victimless crimes society has grown to call these events consensual crimes. One good common example that describes victimless crimes could be considered prostitution. Prostitution is described as offering sexual favors in exchange for money and is considered a crime in many places. Both the solicitor which is the person asking for the favor or the offering, and the prostitute can be arrested for violating public decency laws. If both people involved are deemed to have committed the illegal act consensually or willingly, then neither person may be considered victims in the eyes of the law and police officials. â€Å"While prostitution may contribute to other domestic problems or personal vices, the act itself, if entered into consensually, is usually considered a victimless crime† (Liberal Democrat Party). Victimless crimes are not always so weighty or so bad in the sense that it has to be as punishable but still breaks the law. Some examples of low level victimless activities or crimes on the states eyes that may be criminalized could simply include riding a motorcycle without a helmet. In some states, for example Florida it is not illegal to do, but as for the California it is against the law to ride a motorcycle without a helmet and the person will be cited for the act. Even tho that person is not harming or endangering anyone else but his own self the law still holds it as a crime in which breaks the law. Same as Mexico, it is legal to ride in the back of a truck without seat belts or other safety harnesses but here in California it is illegal. Another example is base jumping off of buildings. this is no harm to society or anyone else but the jumpers own life. a very common example of victimless crimes which could be punished by fines or even incarceration is the individual buy and consumption of recreational drugs. Here in the United States it is against the law to smoke marijuana and yet so many people still seem to do it. The law prohibits people from doing the act even though its being consumed by the individual himself, the individual is only harming his own body but the law sees it as a violation of the constitution and its law. â€Å"The idea of a victimless crime often plays a role in the proposed repeal of certain laws, especially the criminalization of drugs, prostitution and other vices† (Halexandria). The argument that has been presented by civil libertarians is that such laws only serve to punish citizens for personal lifestyle decisions in which none of these acts violate the legal rights of others. A citizen should be allowed to buy and smoke marijuana legally because its that persons private consumption in a private home and it does not affect anyone else. Decriminalizing certain victimless crimes would reduce the prison population and take significant pressure off an overworked judicial system (Liberal Democrat Party).

Thursday, October 10, 2019

And Sun Also Rises Essay

This paper discusses Ernest Hemingway’s novel And Sun Also Rises (1926) and takes an in-depth analysis of the development of the female character Lady Brett Ashley in trying to come up with better understanding of the character’s role in the novel. Hemingway’s And Sun Also Rises is widely regarded as Hemingway’s best novel. It became the overnight Bible of the postwar generation. (Barrett, 724) The novel revolves the theme of damage done to Hemingway’s generation by the violence of World War I. All the main characters of the novel are to certain extent scarred by war. Some of them suffer physical injuries like Jake or Count Mippipopolous and others bear the psychological trauma of â€Å"lost generation† (the phrase belonged to Hemingway’s friend Gertrude Stein and became the novel’s first epigraph). Among those psychologically deteriorated individuals Lady Brett Ashley is a controversial character that evokes different readers’ and critics’ reaction. This paper explores the path by which Lady Ashley’s character develops through the novel. With the first meeting with Brett Ashley her individual female sexual appeal and exceptional general attractiveness is revealed. From the beginning of the book, men find her irresistible. When Jake, as narrator, first introduces Brett, he says, â€Å"Brett was damned good-looking. She wore a slipover jersey sweater and a tweed skirt, and her hair was brushed back like a boy’s. She started all that. She was built with curves like the hull of a racing yacht, and you missed none of it with that wool jersey† (Hemingway, 22). Robert Cohn, too, is immediately captivated by Brett, and a short time later, he says, â€Å"She’s a remarkably attractive woman† (Hemingway, 38). She is a strong and independent woman and probably these are the features that attract men more than her physical beauty. Her real tool is her charisma that strikes the men around her. Every significant male character in the novel, at one time or another, comments on Brett’s female attractiveness. When he is introduced to Brett, Bill Gorton says, â€Å"Beautiful lady† (Hemingway, 74); Mike Campbell says, â€Å"Brett, you are a lovely piece. Don’t you think she’s beautiful? † (Hemingway, 79) These compliments are like a refrain that is reiterated through the rest of the novel. Despite the abounding attention on men’s side Brett rejects to become committed to a single man, at least physically. Neither the affluence of attention nor her independence makes Brett a happy woman. Having first appeared as a careless free woman Brett Ashley turns out to be an unhappy and miserable creature just the same as all those who lived through the war. Brett is often described in the literary criticism as sexually promiscuous, or even a nymphomaniac, which seems extreme given that in the course of the story she has sexual relationships with, at most, three men – her fiancee, Mike Campbell; Robert Cohn; and Pedro Romero. Some critics, like Edmund Wilson, assess Brett’s conduct as â€Å"bitch-like†; Wilson interprets Brett Ashley as â€Å"an exclusively destructive force† (p. 238). This interpretation, plausibly, is directly related rely to Brett’s own assertion that she makes to Jake after she leaves Romero: â€Å"You know it makes one feel rather good deciding not to be a bitch† (Hemingway, 245). Nonetheless it is difficult to agree with such interpretation of Brett’s character. First of all it is known that she is one of the â€Å"lost generation†, the people whose youth fell on the post-war period when the relationships and responsibilities were loose and disordered, and so Brett’s behavior merely reflects this time. Furthermore, though Brett never stayed with any man longer than she wanted, she never displayed cruelty in attitude toward men, so she could not destruct them to any degree. And the most important thing which explains Brett’s character is again related to the time of the novel. Brett Ashley belongs to those people whose thoughts are confused being affected by the war. So while looking for her way in life she fails in finding the lull for her psychological disturbances therefore continues her self-abusive conduct. Brett can be profoundly careless of the feelings of others. She scatters cigarette ashes on Jake’s rugs, and when Romero gives her a bull’s severed ear after a successful bullfight, she leaves the gift behind, stuffed in a hotel drawer. Cohn calls her a sadist when she is unmoved by the plight of the horses gored in the bullring. Certainly she uses Jake heartlessly at times, expecting him to introduce her to a man she desires, put up with her affairs, remain steadfast in his devotion to her, and faithfully run to her rescue on short notice when she finds herself at loose ends in another country. Yet she is also deeply unhappy and emotionally fragile. Viewed more sympathetically, she can be seen as a self-destructive woman, traumatized by the ugly and unromantic loss of her first love to dysentery in the war: â€Å"Brett hurts no one in the novel as severely as she hurts herself. Her nymphomania, her alcoholism, her constant fits of depression, and her obsession with bathing are all symptoms of an individual engaged in a consistent pattern of self-abuse† (Whitlow, 56). All in her misery she often complains to Jake, her only true friend, about her aimless existence and unsatisfying life. Her vagrancy from relationship to relationship is assimilated with Jake and company roaming around bars. As the novel unfolds one observes how Lady Ashley transforms from the self-confident independent woman into one who seems extremely awkward being by herself. That is why she is searching for the shelter in more or less stable though platonic relations with Jake. As with the other characters, World War I obviously played the determinative role in the formation Brett Ashley’s character. Having lost her true love during the war she elaborated the pattern of random relations, especially with regard to men. Her skepticism and lost faith in search for true love symbolizes the search of the whole lost generation for their decayed values. Unable to find support in the traditional convictions that imposed certain meaning to her life Brett feels morally lost. Having lost belief in anything Brett together with her friends is trying to escape the reality and fill her empty life with careless wandering from bar to bar, living night life, drinking and entertaining, doing everything that fits into the notion escapist activity. The character of Lady Brett Ashley is developing through the novel from the initial impression of careless but happy woman into the typical representative of post-war generation with aimless way in life. Parties, free love and other kinds of merry-making are only the futile distraction for concealing the sorrow and insecurity that filled her soul.

Islam and Religious Group Essay

†¢Religious groups (based on http://religions. pewforum. org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions. pdf) oChristianity †¢Evangelical Protestant †¢Mainline Protestant †¢Historically Black Churches †¢Roman Catholic †¢Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) †¢Jehovah’s Witnesses †¢Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) oJudaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) oBuddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) oIslam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) oHinduism †¢Ethnic groups (based on divisions in U. S. Census Bureau documents) oAsian (Asian descent) oBlack (African descent). oHispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) oPacific Islander (Polynesian descent) oWhite (European descent) Part III Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each about the religious group you selected: †¢How does your selected religious group differ from other religious groups (such as in their beliefs, worship practices, or values)? †¢What has been the experience of your selected religious group with others that do not share its beliefs or practices? †¢In what ways has the religious group you selected contributed to American culture? †¢Provide specific examples of prejudice or discrimination your selected religious group has experienced. †¢What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? †¢Does what you’ve learned about this religious group help you understand it? In what ways? Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each about the ethnic group you selected: †¢How does your selected ethnic group differ from other ethnic groups (such as differences in ancestry, language, or culture)? †¢What has been your selected ethnic group’s experience with other ethnic groups? †¢In what ways has the ethnic group you selected contributed to American culture? †¢Identify some specific examples of prejudice or discrimination that your selected ethnic group has experienced historically. †¢What were the sources of this prejudice or discrimination? †¢Does what you’ve learned about this ethnic group help you understand it? How? Part IV Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each: †¢How are the prejudice and discrimination experienced by your selected religious group and ethnic group similar? †¢How are they different? †¢Can you draw any conclusions about discrimination from this comparison.